Course Content
Probability Distributions
Probability Distribution – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, and Exponential
0/3
Facility Location and Layout
Site Selection and Analysis, Layout Design and Process
0/3
Probability Distribution – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, and Exponential
Probability Distribution – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, and Exponential
0/4
Data Collection & Questionnaire Design
Data Collection & Questionnaire Design
Sampling: Concept, Process, and Techniques
Sampling: Concept, Process, and Techniques
0/2
Hypothesis Testing: Procedure
Hypothesis Testing: Procedure
0/2
T, Z, F, Chi-square tests
T, Z, F, Chi-square tests
0/2
Operations Management: Role and Scope
Operations Management: Role and Scope
0/1
Facility Location and Layout: Site Selection and Analysis, Layout Design and Process
Facility Location and Layout: Site Selection and Analysis, Layout Design and Process
Enterprise Resource Planning: ERP Modules, ERP Implementation
Enterprise Resource Planning: ERP Modules, ERP Implementation
Scheduling: Loading, Sequencing, and Monitoring
Scheduling: Loading, Sequencing, and Monitoring
0/4
Quality Management and Statistical Quality Control, Quality Circles, Total Quality Management – KAIZEN, Benchmarking, Six Sigma
Quality Management and Statistical Quality Control, Quality Circles, Total Quality Management – KAIZEN, Benchmarking, Six Sigma
0/3
ISO 9000 Series Standards
ISO 9000 Series Standards
Operation Research: Transportation, Queuing Decision Theory, PERT/CPM.
Operation Research: Transportation, Queuing Decision Theory, PERT/CPM.
0/6
Unit VIII: Business Statistics and Operations Management

A histogram is a bar graph that represents the frequency distribution of continuous (numerical) data. It shows how data is grouped into intervals (bins) and displays the number of observations within each interval.

Key Features of a Histogram:

✔ Bars represent frequency (count of data points) in each class interval.
No gaps between bars (unlike bar charts) because data is continuous.
✔ The x-axis represents class intervals, and the y-axis represents frequency.

Example: Histogram of Student Test Scores

Class Interval (Marks) Frequency (f)
0 – 10 5
10 – 20 8
20 – 30 12
30 – 40 10
40 – 50 15

🔹 Graph Interpretation:

  • Taller bars indicate higher frequencies.

  • The highest bar means the most common score range.