According to Mintzberg’s model of strategic decision making, its modes are:

Which of the followings are the risks associated with the Generic competitive strategies suggested by Porter ?

A. Risk of Human Resources
B. Risk of Cost leadership
C. Risk of strategic rollup
D. Risk of differentiation
E. Risk of focus

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Mergers and acquisitions are examples of which strategy of Ansoff (2x2) matrix?

Concept of 'fit' is central to which of the following schools of thought on strategy formulation?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Accepted wisdom holds that the less competition a business faces, the more it thrives. The concept is at the core of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) which advocates launching in the uncontested markets, in order to avoid pain of going head-to-head with rivals. Research shows that exposure to competition in early stages of a firm's life increases its long-term survival prospects.

Companies established in crowded markets had a higher likelihood of failing in the first year than those started in less crowded markets. Early exposure to competition may immunize a company. How does a competition help firms in their youth thrive? A challenging environment causes startups to be tightly focused on satisfying customer needs along with lowering and containing costs. Many companies develop internal competition. Venture investors can help to create a similar dynamic by being careful not to overfund a new company, as having too much cash-on-hand can make it harder to establish a low-cost culture. Of course, early competition has a downside: some new businesses fail before they have time to build up immunity. Still managers of young businesses will bear in mind the advantages of exposure to safe levels of external competition or to a competitive environment that’s been generated inside the organization. Such exposure can have long-lasting positive effects on efficiency and survival.

Which of the following is a type of competitive strategy?

Arrange the following five steps of resource-based approach to strategy analysis proposed by Grant.

A. Identify resource gaps and invest in upgrading weaknesses.
B. Select the strategy that best exploits the firms' capabilities relative to external opportunities.
C. Appraise the profit potential of these capabilities in terms of their potential for sustainable competitive advantage.
D. Combine the firm's strength into specific capabilities.
E. Identify and classify the firm's resources in terms of strength and weaknesses.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Indian aviation will fly out of pandemic-induced fare bands with some of its heaviest losses behind it. Indian fliers have also been through a bout of technical glitches that the authorities have traced back to aircraft not having enough certifying manpower and flying with the minimum permissible list of defective equipment. A strong festive demand could reverse the sequential declines in air travel during the ongoing lean season. The removal of airfare caps coincides with a recent softening of jet fuel prices which, however, remain elevated. Freedom to pass on the biggest cost component to fliers should improve the financial metrics of airlines. One is keeping one's fingers crossed and seat belts buckled.

The industry is witnessing a round of capital infusion that also affects the competitive intensity. The Tatas are consolidating the splintered market share of the group's various airlines, and SpiceJet is considering a stake sale to raise funds. Market leader Indigo expects its strong revenue performance will lead it back into profits soon. Although the industry's air traffic yields have surpassed pre-pandemic levels, fuel costs and a declining rupee could subdue earnings. Newly opened up foreign routes are likely to witness stiff competition. The launch of Akasa Air and resumption of operations by Jet Airways will increase demand for airline employees. Air India is restoring salaries to pre-Covid levels.

Industry-wide losses are expected to fall sharply this year as Indian aviation enters another phase of growth. India is among the fastest growing aviation markets in the world and has a lot of catching up to do in terms of the size of its commercial aircraft fleet. Given the country's traffic growth projections, Indian airlines are likely to acquire more clout as aircraft buyers. The government, on its part, has a high budget for decongesting airports and is encouraging the development of the domestic aircraft maintenance industry. As India's airlines fly out of the current cloud bank, sunny skies await.

Which one of the following will impair the competitive intensity of the industry?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Indian aviation will fly out of pandemic-induced fare bands with some of its heaviest losses behind it. Indian fliers have also been through a bout of technical glitches that the authorities have traced back to aircraft not having enough certifying manpower and flying with the minimum permissible list of defective equipment. A strong festive demand could reverse the sequential declines in air travel during the ongoing lean season. The removal of airfare caps coincides with a recent softening of jet fuel prices which, however, remain elevated. Freedom to pass on the biggest cost component to fliers should improve the financial metrics of airlines. One is keeping one's fingers crossed and seat belts buckled.

The industry is witnessing a round of capital infusion that also affects the competitive intensity. The Tatas are consolidating the splintered market share of the group's various airlines, and SpiceJet is considering a stake sale to raise funds. Market leader Indigo expects its strong revenue performance will lead it back into profits soon. Although the industry's air traffic yields have surpassed pre-pandemic levels, fuel costs and a declining rupee could subdue earnings. Newly opened up foreign routes are likely to witness stiff competition. The launch of Akasa Air and resumption of operations by Jet Airways will increase demand for airline employees. Air India is restoring salaries to pre-Covid levels.

Industry-wide losses are expected to fall sharply this year as Indian aviation enters another phase of growth. India is among the fastest growing aviation markets in the world and has a lot of catching up to do in terms of the size of its commercial aircraft fleet. Given the country's traffic growth projections, Indian airlines are likely to acquire more clout as aircraft buyers. The government, on its part, has a high budget for decongesting airports and is encouraging the development of the domestic aircraft maintenance industry. As India's airlines fly out of the current cloud bank, sunny skies await.

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion ‘A’ and the other is labelled as Reason ‘R’.

Assertion ‘A’: Pandemic is not the only reason for the losses in the aviation industry.
Reason ‘R’: Large number of technical reasons have resulted into the cancellation of flights.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Identify the key aspects of Business Process Engineering from the following:

A. Radical Redesign
B. Operational Redesign
C. Fundamental Rethinking
D. Dramatic Results
E. Operational Transformation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Why do companies pursue a retrenchment strategy?

a. Better opportunities in the environment are perceived elsewhere.
b. Its main strategic decisions focus on the conscious use of reversal grand strategies.
c. The environment is seen so threatening that internal strengths are insufficient to meet the challenge.
d. It's easier and comfortable to pursue retrenchment strategy.
e. The firm is not doing well or perceives itself as doing poorly.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

According to the BCG matrix, for which one of the following positions of SBU the firm should decide to curtail losses by divesting?

The stages of a turnaround process are

Strategic analysis is concerned with evaluating the organization in terms of which of the following.

Given below are two statements – one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Read the statements and answer the question that follows

Assertion A: The basic thrust of strategic decision making in the process of strategic management is to make a choice regarding the courses of action to adopt which is primary task of the senior management.

Reasons R: This is so because the basic concern in strategic management is to seek answers to questions. What is our business? What will it be? And what should it be?

In the light of the above stated two statements, choose the correct option from the choices given below:

Which of the following is the correct explanation of resource-based approach?

Out of the following alternatives, which one is a tool for allocating resources, linking business growth rate with relative competitive position of the firm.

An approach to corporate strategy in which top management views its product lines and business units as a series of investments from which it expects a profitable return is called:

Arrange the following steps of implementation of corporate diversification in the logical order:

A. Allocate resources and authority to divisions
B. Establish coordination and monitor performance
C. Design appropriate organizational structure
D. Identify core competencies and market opportunities
E. Select diversification strategy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

According to the Ansoff Product Market Expansion Grid, intensification can be achieved through three distinct strategies. Identify them out of the following:

a. Market attractiveness
b. Market penetration
c. Market development
d. Product development

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

In the VRIO Framework a resource leads to sustained competitive advantage only if is:

Which of the following are the important principles of Re-engineering according to Michael Hammer?

(A) Develop value-added jobs to balance out job elimination.
(B) Take specific actions to make the program operational.
(C) Subsume information processing work into the real work that produces the information.
(D) Develop an action plan of activities needed to achieve the objectives.
(E) Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Arrange the steps in strategic planning in proper sequence.

A. Define Mission and set objectives
B. Define strategic issues
C. Analyse existing strategies
D. Develop new or revised strategies and determine critical success factors
E. Prepare and implement plans

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List - I with List - II

List - I (Category)

A. Defenders
B. Prospectors
C. Analyser
D. Reactor

List - II (Strategic Description)

I. Highly competitive and slave of the environment
II. Exploit niches in the market place
III. Cost control as primary focus
IV. Innovation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

At the business level, organizations need to position their business as being Low-cost leaders or Differentiated. The position when cost leadership is high in terms of lower prices/lower costs and scope of market is low, is called:

Which of the following are the modes of strategic decision making according to Mintzberg?

A. Entrepreneurial Mode
B. Adaptive Mode
C. Planning Mode
D. Logical Incrementalisation Mode

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Industry Structure)

A. Declining Structure
B. Emerging Industry
C. Mature Industry
D. Fragmented Industry

List-II (Opportunities)

I. Product Refinement
II. First mover advantage
III. Harvest
IV. Consolidation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Accepted wisdom holds that the less competition a business faces, the more it thrives. The concept is at the core of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) which advocates launching in the uncontested markets, in order to avoid pain of going head-to-head with rivals. Research shows that exposure to competition in early stages of a firm's life increases its long-term survival prospects.

Companies established in crowded markets had a higher likelihood of failing in the first year than those started in less crowded markets. Early exposure to competition may immunize a company. How does a competition help firms in their youth thrive? A challenging environment causes startups to be tightly focused on satisfying customer needs along with lowering and containing costs. Many companies develop internal competition. Venture investors can help to create a similar dynamic by being careful not to overfund a new company, as having too much cash-on-hand can make it harder to establish a low-cost culture. Of course, early competition has a downside: some new businesses fail before they have time to build up immunity. Still managers of young businesses will bear in mind the advantages of exposure to safe levels of external competition or to a competitive environment that’s been generated inside the organization. Such exposure can have long-lasting positive effects on efficiency and survival.

A strategy referred to in the passage that enables firms to create a new market space for themselves is:

Which of the following are considered interlocking elements of a versatile business model?

a. Regulatory support and promoter experience.
b. Customer value proposition.
c. Financial resources and cost sheets.
d. Key resources and processes.
e. Profit formula.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Indian aviation will fly out of pandemic-induced fare bands with some of its heaviest losses behind it. Indian fliers have also been through a bout of technical glitches that the authorities have traced back to aircraft not having enough certifying manpower and flying with the minimum permissible list of defective equipment. A strong festive demand could reverse the sequential declines in air travel during the ongoing lean season. The removal of airfare caps coincides with a recent softening of jet fuel prices which, however, remain elevated. Freedom to pass on the biggest cost component to fliers should improve the financial metrics of airlines. One is keeping one's fingers crossed and seat belts buckled.

The industry is witnessing a round of capital infusion that also affects the competitive intensity. The Tatas are consolidating the splintered market share of the group's various airlines, and SpiceJet is considering a stake sale to raise funds. Market leader Indigo expects its strong revenue performance will lead it back into profits soon. Although the industry's air traffic yields have surpassed pre-pandemic levels, fuel costs and a declining rupee could subdue earnings. Newly opened up foreign routes are likely to witness stiff competition. The launch of Akasa Air and resumption of operations by Jet Airways will increase demand for airline employees. Air India is restoring salaries to pre-Covid levels.

Industry-wide losses are expected to fall sharply this year as Indian aviation enters another phase of growth. India is among the fastest growing aviation markets in the world and has a lot of catching up to do in terms of the size of its commercial aircraft fleet. Given the country's traffic growth projections, Indian airlines are likely to acquire more clout as aircraft buyers. The government, on its part, has a high budget for decongesting airports and is encouraging the development of the domestic aircraft maintenance industry. As India's airlines fly out of the current cloud bank, sunny skies await.

The factor adversely affecting Indian aviation is:

Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of strategic decisions that deals with the long-run future of an entire organization ?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Accepted wisdom holds that the less competition a business faces, the more it thrives. The concept is at the core of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) which advocates launching in the uncontested markets, in order to avoid pain of going head-to-head with rivals. Research shows that exposure to competition in early stages of a firm's life increases its long-term survival prospects.

Companies established in crowded markets had a higher likelihood of failing in the first year than those started in less crowded markets. Early exposure to competition may immunize a company. How does a competition help firms in their youth thrive? A challenging environment causes startups to be tightly focused on satisfying customer needs along with lowering and containing costs. Many companies develop internal competition. Venture investors can help to create a similar dynamic by being careful not to overfund a new company, as having too much cash-on-hand can make it harder to establish a low-cost culture. Of course, early competition has a downside: some new businesses fail before they have time to build up immunity. Still managers of young businesses will bear in mind the advantages of exposure to safe levels of external competition or to a competitive environment that’s been generated inside the organization. Such exposure can have long-lasting positive effects on efficiency and survival.

The best way for a firm to survive in a highly-competitive environment is:

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Accepted wisdom holds that the less competition a business faces, the more it thrives. The concept is at the core of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) which advocates launching in the uncontested markets, in order to avoid pain of going head-to-head with rivals. Research shows that exposure to competition in early stages of a firm's life increases its long-term survival prospects.

Companies established in crowded markets had a higher likelihood of failing in the first year than those started in less crowded markets. Early exposure to competition may immunize a company. How does a competition help firms in their youth thrive? A challenging environment causes startups to be tightly focused on satisfying customer needs along with lowering and containing costs. Many companies develop internal competition. Venture investors can help to create a similar dynamic by being careful not to overfund a new company, as having too much cash-on-hand can make it harder to establish a low-cost culture. Of course, early competition has a downside: some new businesses fail before they have time to build up immunity. Still managers of young businesses will bear in mind the advantages of exposure to safe levels of external competition or to a competitive environment that’s been generated inside the organization. Such exposure can have long-lasting positive effects on efficiency and survival.

According to the passage, venture capitalists should:

Which of the following strategies are types of combination strategies?

(A) No change strategies
(B) Pause/Proceed with caution strategies
(C) Turn around strategies
(D) Profit strategies
(E) Concentration strategies

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following techniques of enhancing strategic thinking is most similar to Devil's Advocacy?

String of activities that moves a product from the raw material stage through manufacturing and distribution, and ultimately to the end user is called:

Which of the following terms are associated with the VRIO framework of Internal Analysis?

A. Valuable
B. Rare
C. Intimitable
D. Organised for usage
E. Innovative

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

‘Strategic Drift’ occurs when:

In the VRIO framework, the V stands for which of the following questions?

A critical analysis and assessment of strength and weakness, opportunities and threats in relation to internal and external environmental factors affecting an entity' is called:

The Parenting Fit Matrix related to Strategy Formulation was proposed by -

Who has propounded the ‘Diamond of National Competitive Advantages’ model of corporate level strategies?

A portion of a market that is so well suited to a firm's internal and external environment that other firms are not likely to challenge and dislodge it, is called:

Which of the following strategies are commonly used by a firm to win a "Format War"?

A. Killer Applications.
B. Cooperate with Competitors.
C. Tapered Integration.
D. Transfer Pricing.
E. Divestment Strategy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Re-engineering, a radical redesign of business processes, is an essential and integral to which of the following strategies?

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): In the related diversification, a firm acquires a new business whose value chain possesses competitively valuable cross-business strategic fits.
Reason (R): Related diversification strategies mainly aimed to realise financial, managerial and/or operational synergies.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Who has suggested the 7-S framework for organisational change?

String of activities that moves a firm's product from the raw material stage through manufacturing, distribution and ultimately to the end user is called:

As per Henry Mintzberg, which of the following is NOT a part of his conception of types of strategies?

In Porter’s Generic Strategies Model, a focus strategy involves

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Indian aviation will fly out of pandemic-induced fare bands with some of its heaviest losses behind it. Indian fliers have also been through a bout of technical glitches that the authorities have traced back to aircraft not having enough certifying manpower and flying with the minimum permissible list of defective equipment. A strong festive demand could reverse the sequential declines in air travel during the ongoing lean season. The removal of airfare caps coincides with a recent softening of jet fuel prices which, however, remain elevated. Freedom to pass on the biggest cost component to fliers should improve the financial metrics of airlines. One is keeping one's fingers crossed and seat belts buckled.

The industry is witnessing a round of capital infusion that also affects the competitive intensity. The Tatas are consolidating the splintered market share of the group's various airlines, and SpiceJet is considering a stake sale to raise funds. Market leader Indigo expects its strong revenue performance will lead it back into profits soon. Although the industry's air traffic yields have surpassed pre-pandemic levels, fuel costs and a declining rupee could subdue earnings. Newly opened up foreign routes are likely to witness stiff competition. The launch of Akasa Air and resumption of operations by Jet Airways will increase demand for airline employees. Air India is restoring salaries to pre-Covid levels.

Industry-wide losses are expected to fall sharply this year as Indian aviation enters another phase of growth. India is among the fastest growing aviation markets in the world and has a lot of catching up to do in terms of the size of its commercial aircraft fleet. Given the country's traffic growth projections, Indian airlines are likely to acquire more clout as aircraft buyers. The government, on its part, has a high budget for decongesting airports and is encouraging the development of the domestic aircraft maintenance industry. As India's airlines fly out of the current cloud bank, sunny skies await.

Which of the following are the initiatives taken by the Government to promote aviation industry?

a. Big budget for decongesting airports.
b. Encouraging domestic aircraft maintenance industry.
c. Capital infusion to expand capacity.
d. Reducing the permissible list of defective equipment.
e. Removal of airfare caps.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A copier machine company provides better after sales service to its existing customer to improve its (company) and product image and increase sales of accessories and consumables. Above given statement is an example of:

Which of the following is part of corporate level strategies?

A. Concentration strategies
B. Retrenchment strategies
C. Simultaneous and sequential
D. Stakeholder analysis map
E. Stability strategies

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List-I with List-II

List-I (Strategic Business Unit)

A. Dogs
B. Stars
C. Cash Cows
D. Question Mark

List-II (Features)

I. Used to find other developing businesses
II. Can be converted into stars.
III. Need heavy investment, to finance their rapid growth
IV. Harvested or divested from portfolio

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Who has developed the Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST) Analysis?

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Accepted wisdom holds that the less competition a business faces, the more it thrives. The concept is at the core of the Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) which advocates launching in the uncontested markets, in order to avoid pain of going head-to-head with rivals. Research shows that exposure to competition in early stages of a firm's life increases its long-term survival prospects.

Companies established in crowded markets had a higher likelihood of failing in the first year than those started in less crowded markets. Early exposure to competition may immunize a company. How does a competition help firms in their youth thrive? A challenging environment causes startups to be tightly focused on satisfying customer needs along with lowering and containing costs. Many companies develop internal competition. Venture investors can help to create a similar dynamic by being careful not to overfund a new company, as having too much cash-on-hand can make it harder to establish a low-cost culture. Of course, early competition has a downside: some new businesses fail before they have time to build up immunity. Still managers of young businesses will bear in mind the advantages of exposure to safe levels of external competition or to a competitive environment that’s been generated inside the organization. Such exposure can have long-lasting positive effects on efficiency and survival.

More competition in the early years of the business results in:

Arrange the steps of PEST analysis in proper sequence.

A. Understand a category’s relevant trends.
B. Distill lively issues from the identified trends.
C. Understand trends interdependencies.
D. Forecast the direction of issues.
E. Derive implications for the organisation.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following organisational structure is generally adopted by firms to realise the full potential of cost leadership strategies?

Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Indian aviation will fly out of pandemic-induced fare bands with some of its heaviest losses behind it. Indian fliers have also been through a bout of technical glitches that the authorities have traced back to aircraft not having enough certifying manpower and flying with the minimum permissible list of defective equipment. A strong festive demand could reverse the sequential declines in air travel during the ongoing lean season. The removal of airfare caps coincides with a recent softening of jet fuel prices which, however, remain elevated. Freedom to pass on the biggest cost component to fliers should improve the financial metrics of airlines. One is keeping one's fingers crossed and seat belts buckled.

The industry is witnessing a round of capital infusion that also affects the competitive intensity. The Tatas are consolidating the splintered market share of the group's various airlines, and SpiceJet is considering a stake sale to raise funds. Market leader Indigo expects its strong revenue performance will lead it back into profits soon. Although the industry's air traffic yields have surpassed pre-pandemic levels, fuel costs and a declining rupee could subdue earnings. Newly opened up foreign routes are likely to witness stiff competition. The launch of Akasa Air and resumption of operations by Jet Airways will increase demand for airline employees. Air India is restoring salaries to pre-Covid levels.

Industry-wide losses are expected to fall sharply this year as Indian aviation enters another phase of growth. India is among the fastest growing aviation markets in the world and has a lot of catching up to do in terms of the size of its commercial aircraft fleet. Given the country's traffic growth projections, Indian airlines are likely to acquire more clout as aircraft buyers. The government, on its part, has a high budget for decongesting airports and is encouraging the development of the domestic aircraft maintenance industry. As India's airlines fly out of the current cloud bank, sunny skies await.

The future of Indian aviation industry is likely to be:

"A company in the sewing machine business diversifies into kitchenware and household appliances and sells these items through a chain of retail stores to family consumers." This is an example of:

Which of the following has increased the importance of strategic planning due to the liberalization of the economy?

Which of the following statements are applicable to McKinsey's 7S framework?

a. A priori, it is obvious which of the seven factors will be the driving force in changing a particular organisation at a particular point of time.
b. Effective organisational change is the relationship between seven factors of the framework.
c. Change in any one element affects change in other elements for effective organisational change.
d. Framework can be used for facilitating organisational change.
e. Strategy, Structure, Systems and Style are 'Hard S' of the Model while Staff, Skill and Shared values are the 'Soft S' of the framework.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: